Depreciation is one of the factors that has a great impact on the book value. Different companies use different method of depreciation for the long lived assets. Depending on the method, the book value of a year changes. It results different conclusions based on the P/B ratio analysis, applied in these companies, even if, in reality, there is not much difference. Finance essay writer can get a clear concept through this article. For example, assume two companies; Company A and Company B has purchased a depreciable long term asset of the same cost. Consider, Company A uses double declining depreciation method and so it has more depreciation expenses in the early years of the useful life of an asset as compared to the Company B, which uses the straight line depreciation method. This results the net book value of asset of Company A is less than that of Company B. It shows that the value of book value can be altered by the change in depreciation method only, though all the situations are kept constant. If the company depreciates its asset slower than the reduction of its market value, the mentioned book value would be considered as overstated. Similarly, if the company depreciates its asset faster than the reduction of its market value, the mentioned book value would be considered as understated. Making decision based on book value can cause an investor a loss, though he is right with the provided book value. So, investors should not blindly use the book value in their analysis. Instead, they should dig data to get the clear picture behind the stated book value. Such information can provide the corporate finance homework help.
There are two different values; book value and the market value. Book value is the amount paid for an asset. It can be thought of a historic price, originally paid for an asset. It remains the same. For example, if a person buys an equipment for $1,800, the book value of the equipment will be $1,800 forever. The market price/value is the current prevailing price of an asset. For example, in the above case, assume the equipment can be sold currently in the market for $600. The value of equipment went down due to its wear and tear with time. So, the market value of the equipment is $600. Market value can keep on changing with time. Market value reflects the amount we get by selling an asset at the present time. Hence we can say that the market value is more important relative to book value as it is associated with the present time while book value is associated with the past time value; already over. This article can give the help with accounting assignment. Now, the question is ‘can we trust the book value as an investor?’ It asks if you are an investor, whether your investment decision should be based on the valuation including the book value. If you are considering to invest in a stock, you will be having a question that is it reliable to make decisions based on its book value. The book value of a public company includes the historic price of all assets of the company. When this book value is divided by the number of outstanding shares, the result is the book value per share. Investors evaluate a stock by the ratio of the stock’s price per share (P) and the stock’s book value per share (B). The P/B ratio of a stock normally indicates the investors the status of the stock. For example, if the P/B ratio of a stock is less than one, it means the stock is underpriced and there is a scope for the stock price to rise. In this scenario, investors would like to buy the stock. If the P/B ratio of a stock is more than one, it means the stock is overpriced and there is a chance for the stock price to get down. In this scenario, investors would like to sell/ short sell the stock. If the P/B ratio of a stock is equal to one, it means the stock is fairly priced. So, we see here that the investors rely on the book value to take their decision to a large extent. Now the question is whether such dependence in book value for investment decision is realistic approach or not. This topic can be relevant to provide the finance assignment help. Let’s analyze this issue. The book value of a company includes the book value of all assets. Companies in different industries mention the book value in different ways. Even in the same industry, different companies record book value differently depending upon the estimations, assumptions and practices they have adopted. Depreciation is one of the factors that has a great impact on the book value. Different companies use different method of depreciation for the long lived assets. Depending on the method, the book value of a year changes. It results different conclusions based on the P/B ratio analysis, applied in these companies, even if, in reality, there is not much difference. Finance essay writer can get a clear concept through this article. For example, assume two companies; Company A and Company B has purchased a depreciable long term asset of the same cost. Consider, Company A uses double declining depreciation method and so it has more depreciation expenses in the early years of the useful life of an asset as compared to the Company B, which uses the straight line depreciation method. This results the net book value of asset of Company A is less than that of Company B. It shows that the value of book value can be altered by the change in depreciation method only, though all the situations are kept constant. If the company depreciates its asset slower than the reduction of its market value, the mentioned book value would be considered as overstated. Similarly, if the company depreciates its asset faster than the reduction of its market value, the mentioned book value would be considered as understated. Making decision based on book value can cause an investor a loss, though he is right with the provided book value. So, investors should not blindly use the book value in their analysis. Instead, they should dig data to get the clear picture behind the stated book value. Such information can provide the corporate finance homework help. Hence, for investors, book value is one of the factors that needs to be analyzed properly, if the book value is included in the analysis part of investments. Its investors’ responsibility to find out whether the stated book value in the financial statement of the company is really representing the actual value of the asset or not.
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Introduction The finance assignment help here clarifies that the nominal interest rates are computed with reference to the real interest rate and inflation, thus, the inflation affects the nominal interest rates. Understanding the relationship between the inflation and the interest rates is important for the investor. The investors are always concerned with the rate of inflation as it affects the effective return on the investment. The analysis of the views of the experts providing help with finance assignment infers that the higher the rate of inflation, higher turns out to be return expectations of the investors. Inflation and Interest A review of essay writing service available online reveals that the relationship between the rate of inflation and nominal interest rate is direct. This means that when the rate of inflation increases, the nominal interest rate also increases and vice a versa. Thus, it is important for the investor to consider the expectations about the inflation rate when taking the investment decision. If the investor expects that the inflation rate will increase in future, the expected required rate of return of the investor also gets increased. For example, an investor is getting a 10% return on the investments as of now, the future expectations for an increase in the rate of inflation are 2%. Now the investor will require a return of 12% from the investments rather than the existing return of 10%. The 2% rise in the rate of interest will cause devaluation in the purchasing power of the currency and thus, the effective rate of return will also be reduced to that extent. Inflation Hedge
Financial accounting assignment help reveals that the Inflation hedge refers to the mechanism employed to protect the return on investment from being reduced due to rise in the rate of inflation in the future. As discussed earlier, the rise in the rate of inflation causes reduction in the effective return from the investments. Thus, it is customary for the investor to guard against the loss that may be caused due to rise in the rate of inflation. There are financial instruments available, the investment in, which provides safeguards against the risk of a rise in the rate of inflation. The US Treasury issues inflation adjusted bonds, which promises to pay the investor an interest over and above the normal interest to cover the loss that may be caused due to rise in the inflation rate. Further, there are other short term securities known as Treasury Inflation Protected Securities, which are used to guard against the inflation risk. Corporate finance homework help experts state that a part of the interest payments on the inflation adjusted bonds is kept fixed with the promise to pay variable interest on account of rise in the inflation. For example, consider an issue of 10 year inflation adjusted bond with a 1.6% fixed interest. Now assume that after one year the rate of inflation rises by 2%. In this case, the bond will pay interest to the investors at the rate of 1.6% and an extra interest at the rate of 2% for the rise in the inflation rate. Thus, the investor is adequately safeguarded against the risk of a rise in the inflation. Summary The inflation rate is a major concern for the investors as it reduces the purchasing power of the money and thereby affects the realized rate of return on the investment. The financial accounting assignment help provided through this paper addresses this issue in a great detail along with the measures that can be taken to hedge against the risk of inflation. Among the various measures available to guard against the risk of inflation, the primary are the inflation adjusted bonds and Treasury Inflation Protected Securities. Thus, this paper contains essential information from the view point of the students seeking essay help on the inflation risk. Introduction There have been observed instances wherein finance assignment help was sought on the subject matter involving forms of market. The essay writers on the forms of market have stated that there are two forms of market such as perfect and imperfect market. The imperfect form of market is the one wherein information related to the demand, supply, and prices is not disclosed to all the buyers and sellers. The buyer and seller do not match instantly in this type of market. The imperfections in the market are caused due to certain reasons, which are the subject matter of discussion in this paper. Further, this paper also discusses the consequences that will follow the market imperfections. Causes of Imperfect Market Experts providing help with finance assignment state that the perfect market is based on various assumptions, which are hypothetical in nature. It is the nature of perfect market assumptions, which leads to imperfections in the market. Following points are worth noting in regard to causes of imperfect market: • One of the major assumptions of a perfect market is the availability of information to all the market participants. However, in reality, full information is not available to all the buyers and sellers at all the times. The unavailability of information causes imperfections in the market. • As per finance homework solutions, another major assumption of a perfect market is the availability of a large number of buyers and seller and instant matching of the buyers and seller. However, in reality, instant matching of buyers and sellers is hard to achieve, which causes imperfections in the market. • The perfect market also takes an assumption that there does not exist any transaction cost and taxes. However, in reality, both the transaction costs as well as the taxes exist, which brings in imperfections in the market. • The perfect market assumes swift mobility of the factors of production such as labor, material, money etc. However, in reality, this assumption does not hold true because, the factors of production cannot be moved swiftly without any problems. This reality of immovability of the factors of production causes imperfections in the market. • Further, finance homework help online reveals that the costless entry and exit is also one of the major assumptions taken by the perfect market. However, in reality, the entry and exit of the firms in the market is not free, the firms have to incur substantial costs at the time of entering into the market as well as when the business is shut down. Consequences of Market Imperfections Corporate finance homework help reveals that the imperfections in the market lead to manipulations in the prices, which affects the buyers as well as sellers. In the imperfect market the price of products is not freely determined by the demand and supply forces, but other factors also come into play. For example, imagine a market where particular types of goods are sold only one seller i.e. the monopoly market. In the monopoly market, the seller will charge the prices for goods at his will; irrespective of the demand from the buyers because he knows that the buyer does not any option left but to buy the goods from him only. The market imperfection due to monopoly affects the buyers adversely as the buyer has to pay more value for goods than the legitimate requirement. Summary
The paper provides finance assignment help with respect to the market imperfection and its consequences. In this paper, the reasons responsible for market imperfections have been highlighted with the clarity. The primary reasons for market imperfections that have been identified in this paper are; availability of information, matching of buyers and seller, transaction cost, taxes, and immovability of the factors of production. Further, the paper also puts light on the consequences of the market imperfections. One of the major consequences of the market imperfections has been identified as the manipulations in the prices of goods by the sellers. OPPORTUNITY COSTS: Assignment experts state that an opportunity cost is the one associated with going for a certain way of doing something over the other, and is measured by evaluating the benefits forgone for not choosing the next-best alternative. Hence, assignment help experts state that it is evident that estimation of opportunity cost is dependent on the identification of the alternative that is next best to the chosen decision. For example, if you are thinking of opportunity costs associated with pursuing a degree in MBA, suppose that you are an MBA aspirant who has been associated and working in business since 5 years. Thus, what would you be giving up if you ever chose to go for an MBA degree? In such a case, it would be the possible income you could have learnt from your job. The opportunity cost could be big or small depending on your remuneration. This would imply that if you decided to pursue an MBA, the total cost associated with it would be the tuition fee of institute plus the opportunity cost. If you consider the opportunity cost associated with city-owned land which is chosen as the site for construction of a public parking, its value will be whatever value the land could gain by being allotted to another city project. Simply put, the current market price of the land would give us a precise estimate of what the land’s alternative value is. As per an economics assignment expert, the price would thus reflect the amount potential buyers would be willing to pay for similar property. For those who need economics assignment help, the above stated examples illustrate that the opportunity costs for inputs, goods as well as services are often depicted by market prices. For example, the opportunity costs associated with you pursuing MBA would be your forgone wage. Whereas in the other case, the market price of the land will be its value in the market. Also, University assignment help experts say that in case the land was not owned by the city, it would have to be bought by paying an amount to the market. As per economics coursework, ownership does not impact the opportunity cost. ECONOMIC PROFIT: In layman terms, profit is calculated by subtracting cost incurred from revenue earned. However, there exist two definition of profit in the real world. The definition of profits that we discussed above is relevant for accounting profit. The figures of profit which are reported by firms in journals and newspapers are often accounting profits. The accountant is responsible for keeping a track on revenues and expenses. This kind of information is utilized for external as well as internal purposes i.e. for the government and also for managers and shareholders. As far as managerial decision making is concerned, the accounting profit is not sufficient in order to explain profitability. This is where economic profit comes into play. According to macroeconomics assignment help experts, economic profit is calculated as the revenues earned minus all economic costs comprising of explicit and implicit costs incurred. These costs are inclusive of opportunity costs. Thus, economic profits take into account the cost associated with both managerial labor as well as capital. Summary:
The article clearly defines opportunity costs and economic profits for those seeking help with assignment on economics. Opportunity cost is the forgone amount that could be earned on choosing the next best alternative as a solution to a business problem. The opportunity cost in several cases is reflective of the market price and ownership has no direct impact on it. Economic profits are calculated by taking into account explicit as well as implicit costs, including opportunity costs. How I will Custom Write my assignment?”or “Do I have to lose my sleep for writing my research paper?”. These are few of the worries encountered by the students while custom writing their assignments. In order to write a good term paper, unless one wants to delegate a professional for the task, a student must have a good knowledge of certain guidelines to be followed while writing a good custom essay. This needs to be followed if one wants to fetch good grades in his or her project. By definition, a research paper is a scholarly paper in which a custom assignment writer needs to gather lots and lots of information about the topic given, categorize and sort out the research topic on what other authors have said or written about the said topic Thereafter a custom essay writer needs to place and put forward his or her own thought in favor or in argument for the topic to be submitted. In customized writing one has to hold up all arguments and theses by presenting information derived from all significant and credible sources. These sources consist of various books, journals, online databases, editorials and encyclopedia. Thereafter, these sources need to be referenced in the reference section of the paper in a proper citation format like MLA, APA etc. Custom writing services are also available online wherein a student just has to make an order for the research paper on the topic given to them. Companies hire highly professional individuals to write for a student. Also, they are available 24*7 for their client. Custom service providers have many qualified editors as wells as custom essay writers required to write a term paper or a research paper. Whatever comes it is not a difficult task for them. The majority of the students are not well equipped to write a professional paper. Hence custom made solutions by a qualified writer is one of the best things they can do to themselves. They exhibit their professionalism at their highest level for the client. However, many students exhibit a good knowledge of how to write a research paper and hence they prefer to do it themselves.But a few guidelines are to be followed before making a custom assignment. • Identification of a suitable topic is the very first step of writing a research paper. The topic should interest the student very well. • Gather all the information from the reference material available. Before selecting and deleting the information one must collect the information first. • Reject the information which is not relevant and wherever paraphrasing or quoting is done include the basis in the citation section. • The Research paper should be well organized in its own way. It should include body and conclusion. Everything should be in a flow. • Write a citation section properly in the end. Failure of including the same can make one suffer a penalty in the form of bad grades. All the custom assignments should follow the above mentioned basic steps. Apart from the already mentioned guidelines other important parameters to consider for custom made solution work: 100% plagiarism free work: Each custom assignment delivered must have no plagiarism at all and must be unique in its own way. Certain softwares are to be used before submitting the final custom essay which helps to deduct any sort of plagiarism. • Timely Delivery: Generally the university assignment help should be submitted before time, so forget about late submissions or meeting the deadline.
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Written communication is an integral component of life.With the increase in the trend of writing emails, blogs and articles, it’s important that one should know how to write professionally and socially. The best way to improve your writing skill is to write.If you will keep copy pasting the work, you will never be able to write a good customized essay or custom made solutions. Contribute New Meaning: Writing is the best opportunity to give your opinion, express yourself and give new contributions. While doing assignments, students learn to think in a critical manner, apply their knowledge and communicate their thoughts effectively. While doing the research work, you might come across something new, which has not been discussed in the classroom lecture, or you might explain something with a very different approach. This will not only win teachers appreciation, but also help you excel in academics. When you copy work from a previous year’s solution, you do not develop the habit of logical thinking. Nothing new is generated and you end up giving the same monotonous assignment which your classmates have also submitted. To get out of the box of an average student, you need to walk few extra miles, and do something extraordinary. SUMMARY When you are not prepared enough to complete your assignment, you tend to copy paste work from the internet or either from previous year solutions. This might help you once or twice, but will not be helpful in the long run. Read the article to know the consequence which follows when you copy assignment solutions. These points will for sure encourage you to do assignments on your own. These days websites which provide custom writing help are booming all over the internet. They are so many in number, that one might get confused which one to choose and which one to leave. Most of them are doing great jobs, and helping many. 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Deal with the service providers who promise to provide their services all the day long. Who are there for your rescue 24*7 SUMMARY Choosing the right website for gaining online help in custom writing is not an easy task with so many websites promising different different perks. To make your task a bit easier and to help you in choosing the right service provider for, we have listed out some essential services, which you should check out to get the best deal. Read the article to know what these services are and make you assignments stand out! Suggested for further reading:- Evaluating a Case Study Background: Starbucks is an internationally acclaimed brand that offers premium roast coffee along with other beverages. It is at present the largest coffee café in the world and is known for selling not only good coffee but also a great experience to its customers. Starbucks mission statement reads, “to inspire and nurture the human spirit one person, one cup and one neighborhood at a time’’. It began with an idea that cropped up in the minds of three friends who decided to start a venture out of their love for gourmet coffee. The timeline for growth of Starbucks was: 1. 1971: First store opened 2. Late 1970’s: gained momentum in the Washington D.C. 3. 1980’S: Howard Schultz became the new Head of Starbucks 4. As of today: Starbucks has more than 17,000 stores located in 55 countries Environment: Starbucks is a renowned competitor in the coffee industry. Coffee is a necessity for several people across the globe. Due to their fast paced lives, people depend on easily available coffee at stores and cafes rather than brewing their own. Convenience has become a big factor in the advancement of the industry. This increases competition among brands attempting to offer superior customer value to coffee lovers. Some competitors of Starbucks are: 1. Tim Horton’s 2. Mc Donalds 3. Keurig and Tassimo The coffee industry is faced with the challenge of pricing. The current economic slowdown has reduced the levels of disposable income of customers. Thus, lowering the price looks like a necessity, however, with the rising prices of coffee beans, that is hardly feasible. Thus, coffeehouses are making an attempt to utilize social media for gaining brand loyalty. Current Scenario: 1. 2012: Starbucks is the owner of five brands i.e. Tazo Tea, Torrefazione Italia Coffee, Evolution Fresh, Seattle’s Best and Starbucks. 2. Starbucks Coffee further boasts of three varieties: Starbucks Ice cream, Coffee and Tea and also RTD (Ready to Drink) 3. Menu includes lattes, smoothies, juices along with frappuccinos as beverages and pastries, cookies, salads, sandwiches etc. as food items. 4. Selling of merchandise includes items like coffee mugs, books, accessories and other gift items. UK Tax Scandal: It was stated by Reuters that Starbucks had failed to pay Tax to HMRC for 3 years. Starbucks declared a £ 26 million loss. However, it was paying a tax of £8.6 million to HMRC since 1998. The figure of loss was aggravated in the year 2011 to £33 million. However, Starbucks argued to have not violated any British laws and have made timely payments. Expansion of Starbucks in India: First retail store of Starbucks was opened in Mumbai in October, 2012. Two other stores were opened thereafter, one of them being in the Taj Hotel. Starbucks entered into a partnership in the form of a joint venture with Tata Global Beverages which was called Tata Starbucks Ltd. The coffee beans for Starbucks are provided by a company named “Indian Espresso Roast”. The primary aim is to acquire more share of the target market i.e. the youth. Thus, the main store in Mumbai is designed in a manner such that it has a vintage feel to it, so that the effect is similar to that of one walking towards a coffee shrine. The menu caters well to the Indian tastes and preferences and includes delicacies like tandoori paneer roll. Competitors of Starbucks in India primarily include Café Coffee Day and Costa Coffee. Strategic Challenges:
Even though Starbucks is a highly renowned brand in the international coffee market, it still continues to face certain challenges. Some of the major challenges faced by Starbucks and which can also be used for marketing course work subjects are: 1. International expansion which is becoming difficult in the presence of cut throat competition 2. Innovation is required to outshine competitors 3. Customer Relationship Management to enhance responsiveness and lead to customer acquisition 4. To gain market share in Europe has been difficult due to the inability of Starbucks to cater to European taste 5. Finding companies to enter into joint ventures with has never been easy 6. Providing value to customers by enhancing customer experience is the prime motive 7. Devising a pricing strategy that maximizes profitability needs to be given due attention 8. Competition from cheaper options for coffee like the newly introduced “Mc Café” is rising 9. Ensuring sustainable growth is another hassle Summary: The case throws light on Starbucks, a leading brand in the coffee industry, and its marketing strategies. It tells us about how Starbucks came into being and eventually evolved as a global leader. It aims at not only offering superior product to its customers but aims at ensuring a great customer experience which makes it the preferred choice of millions across the globe. However, it has witnessed its own share of ups and downs with the Tax Scandal of UK. Starbucks opened stores in India in 2012 and has been successful ever since. It has however faced certain challenges since its worldwide inception, some of which are overcoming competition, ensuring sustainability and bringing about innovation. and these challenges can always be used as a marketing assignment help. Understanding Returns, Net Returns and Rate of Returns Financial concept is not completed without the term ‘return’. It is the basic building block of finance. Without return, no investment making decision is possible. So being related to the financial world, one should be clear about this concept. We invest in any security with the expectation of getting something as return. No body invests just like that. He/she expects some returns out of his/her investment. The returns that we get in some period from now, if we invest today is the absolute monetary value. Net returns are the returns minus the initial investment. It is also presented in the absolute monetary value. Whereas the rate of returns is calculated by dividing the net returns with the initial investment amount. It is presented in terms of percentage. Let’s clarify these terms with examples just like finance homework solutions. For example, a project has an initial cost of $5000 and it returns $7000 in period one.Here period one denotes any time in future. It could be tomorrow, after six months or after two years. Now, returns from this investment is $7,000. Net returns for this investment can be calculated as given below: For profitable projects, returns are always higher than the initial investment. As a result, net returns will be always positive for profitable projects. The period over which this 40% rate of return has earned, is known as a holding period. And the rate of return received over this period is called holding period return. In case of dividend paying stock, calculation of the rate of return is a little bit different. Here, purchase price of stock is considered as initial investment and selling price of stock at the end of the holding period is considered as returns. Assume, stock is paying dividend in between the holding period. The dividend is also treated as the return from stock. Let’s take an example. Consider stock of a company XYZ is purchased at $90 and it is sold for $110. Dividend received by the investor is $10. Now the rate of return for this stock will be calculated as given below: For dividend paying stock, the rate of return can be divided into two components as given below: • Capital yield • Dividend yield Capital yield is the appreciation or depreciation in the stock price expressed in the percentage term. The dividend is the ratio of dividend and initial purchase price of the stock. For the above example, these yields are calculated as shown below: In total, the rate of return for this stock is the sum of capital yield and the dividend yield; 22.22%+11.11%=33.33%. Positive return/yields reflect the profitable investment. Here, one thing is interesting to know that even if capital yield is negative, the stock will be profitable. Negative capital gain means the selling price is less than the purchase price. At one glance, it tells that the stock is not profitable one. But, if the dividend yield is high enough to offset the negative effect of the capital yield, the rate of return on this stock turns to be positive; profitable one. Let’s take an example. Consider a stock with a purchase price of $100 and a selling price of $90. Then, the capital yield will be -10% (=(-$10/100)*100). Suppose, the dividend on this stock over the holding period is $20. Now, the dividend yield will be +20% (=($20/100)*100). Here, the rate of return will be 10% (=20%-10%). It shows the given stock is profitable one. Earlier, the stock was seemed non-profitable as reflected by capital gain. But, in fact, it is profitable stock. How did it happen? The reason is the negative impact of capital yield was offset by the high value of positive dividend yield. As a result, the rate of returns, turns to be positive leading the stock as a profitable one.
In case of bonds, coupon payment is provided instead of dividend. So, in the case of bonds, dividend yield is replaced by the coupon yield. Normally, the rate of return is focused. Generally, people or investors are interested in knowing the rate of return. They talk the benefit from a stock or from a bond in terms of its return. In day to day financial language, return and rate of return are used interchangeably. Then a question arises why we have to calculate the dividend/coupon yield and capital yield separately. The answer is very simple.Some taxation systems such as IRS treat the capital yield and the dividend yield separately. The applicable tax rate for them are different.So these have to be calculated separately. Next thing, separate calculation facilitates the investors and analysts to get the clear picture of the return so as to analyze it precisely. Usually, the parameters have advantages and disadvantages associated with them. Similarly rate of return has advantages and disadvantages. We have already discussed a lot about its advantages as it helps to identify the profitable investments. It has drawback also. In case of rate of return, the time value is not considered. The holding period is not included in the calculation of the rate of returns. And if all this is a little too much for you then you can always hire professional assignment experts to help you out, Components of an Information System: Software, Hardware, Data, People, Procedures and Networks4/30/2016 Going back to history, generating digital information and transmitting the same were done using any digital media. One of the digital media’s used in the current era is computers. Generations have bestowed different kinds of computer systems with varying functionalities and size. We belong to the era where innumerable data is transmitted or shared between different users. This facility is made possible only through “Internet”. Information system plays a vital role in the world of internet. Information system is an assemblage of many components – software, hardware, data, people, procedures and networks. Each assembled component has its own role to play in the task. • Software – Software is the assemblage of operating system, different applications, programs need to make things working – basic command execution, commands used for signal interruption, commands used to activate and deactivate the hardware components attached to the system. Different types of programs consisting of the procedure to adopt makes the system work. o Application software – The software is basically designed to serve specific purpose. o System software – The software is designed to manage the working of the computer. Operating system is a type of system software used to manage the resources and provide service to the requested device. Device driver another type of system software is used to control the devices and make them function. o Malicious software- This kind of software is designed to harm the host system. It is usually used to lock the system intentionally, waste memory, and create obstruction in regular doings according to Information science assignment help experts • Hardware – Physical devices irrespective of their functionality aiding the working of the computer is termed as computer hardware. These are basically a part of computer i.e. comes along with the system or attachments. Basically computer comes with motherboard having the following components – o Central processing unit (CPU) which is responsible to take any logical decision or provides results of a mathematical operation. o Random Access Memory (RAM) is a set of memory locations used to store code and data. o Read-Only Memory (ROM) is set of memory locations which contain set of programs hard-cored at the time of manufacture. The contents cannot be erased. o Video cards helps in bringing out graphical features. Input devices are used to insert data into the system for processing. Some of these devices commonly used are mouse, touchpad, keyboard, joystick, image scanners. Output devices are the part of the system which displays the output of the processing. Printers, speakers, monitors are some of the output devices. Storage devices like pen drive, discs are used as secondary memory devices. • Data – The system is devised to do processing using applications or processing the algorithms stored in the memory to generate the output. The temporary data generated is stored in RAM which gets erased. Another means of storing the generated data can be in the form of files, permanent till the user intentionally erases the same. In order to keep the stored data private, the system provides different ways towards security – password provision, encryption facility, availing alert facility. • People – The users of system can vary, irrespective of location and caste. To make the computer work and fulfill the necessity of the users – use an application that can cater their purpose, opt to program using a programming language or any web-based facility to serve their purpose. • Procedures – The procedures vary from one to another depending on what is being dealt. The process to be implemented is divided into minuscule. Using the appropriate language, tools the designed entity is brought into reality. System programming language is used to design any operating system, the concepts and functions used make them different from each other. Object oriented language is used to make the input/output devices work. Web-based applications use a mix of languages – HTML, java script and many in line. • Networks – Many systems are connected using different kinds of wires- Optic cables, shielded/ unshielded twisted pair, coaxial cables to transfer data from one end to another end of the network. Networks vary in size –LAN, WAN, MAN, WLAN, SAN, PAN, EPN, VPN and topology- point-to-point, star, bus, ring, mesh and many in line. Summary
The components of information system have enabled transmission of data from one corner of the world to another. Each component has its role to play and the aggregation of the work has brought information system into reality. The components vary with their functionalities they display. Software varies in number and functionality – application software, system software and malicious software. Hardware come in different sizes and vary with the task they perform – used to store data, used to accept input/display output. Procedures vary with the role they need to play. Networks vary with size and topology as said by an assignment expert. |
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